健康和病变人声带振动特性声门图

本文用多功能声门图仪测定了健康受试者(男46名,女34名)和不同喉病患者(男134名,女87名)声门图的波形及其特征参数。根据测出的正常声门图及其参数分布研究了恶性喉病变、声带麻痹、喉内关节病变、功能性声门发声障碍、声带息肉、声带小结、喉炎和早期喉病的临床声门图表现及其与声带振动模式变异之间的关系,并探讨了上述病变声门图的鉴别诊断指标和用声门图对喉病手术治疗、药物治疗和功能治疗的疗效进行定性和定量评价。研究结果证实:声门图方法能准确、定量、灵敏地反映声带振动模式及其变异;在喉病诊治中具有重要的应用价值。     

被动吸烟与肺癌的病例—对照研究

我们针对确定被动吸烟与肺癌关系设计了以医院人群为基础的病例对照研究.应用Mantel Haenssel方法及条件Logistic回归方法进行了单因素及多因素分析.结果表明:在研究对象家中有人吸烟、有1人吸烟、有2人吸烟,均发现与肺癌有显著意义的关联,OR值和95%CI分别为2.30,1.042～4.073、2.28,1.206～4.117、2.52,1.20～5.288;研究对象家中有1人在其出生前吸烟、其OR值为1.82,95%CI1.088～3.055,父亲吸烟及父亲在研究对象出生前吸烟其OR值与95%CI分别为2.13,1.179～3.858、2.28,1.275～4.061,同时我们还发现与吸烟的配偶生活20年以上者患肺癌的危险增加,OR值和95%CI为2.17,1.203～3.914;做饭年限超过25年,厨房与卧室相通者与肺癌间存在显著意义的关联.OR和95%CI分别为2.06,1.042～4.073、2.78,1.137～6.791.本研究未发现有统计学上显著意义的交互作用.有关母亲吸烟,服用维生素C,维生A,肺癌家族史及经济水平等因素均未发现在统计学上有显著意义的关联.     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定水杨酸原料中水杨酸和微量杂质苯酚含量

本文采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定水杨酸原料中水杨酸及微量杂质苯酚含量。该法简便、快速、样品测定在１０ｍｉｎ内完成，其中水杨酸平均回收率为１００．４２％（ＲＳＤ１．４５％），苯酚平均回收率为１０２．２７％（ＲＳＤ２．１２％）。     

间置空肠贲门再造术在抗返流性食管炎上的应用

作者对１５例贲门癌患者行根治术同时，采用食管残胃间插入带蒂空肠并附加贲门再造术，通过ＳＰＥＣＴ胃食管返流指数测定、食管下端ｐＨ检测及返流症状评定方法，并与单纯食管胃套叠吻合术进行随机对比分析，证明该术式具有单向住屏障作用，能有效地预防返流性食管炎的发生。     

Can a leukocyte depletion filter (LDF) reduce the risk of reintroduction of hepatocellular carcinoma cells?

During liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, HCC could theoretically be introduced into the systemic circulation when salvaged blood is used with an autotransfusion device. Several reports have shown that some types of leukocyte depletion filters (LDFs) could completely reduce the risk for reintroducing some types of tumor cells. In this study, we tested the ability of the LDF (RCEZ1T, Pall Biomedical Co, NY, USA) to reduce the risk for reintroducing HCC cells in vitro by using a very sensitive detection method. We divided the test group into 6 groups: group I was 10 cells, group II was 20 cells, group III was 2 x 10(3) cells, group IV was 2 x 10(5) cells, group V was 2 x 10(6) cells, and group VI was 2 x 10(7) cells. The counted cells in 200 mL saline were passed through the RCEZ1T using the force of gravity. To identify the presence of cells, the pellet was resuspended, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a housekeeping gene, was used as a primer. In groups I and II, the HCC cells were completely filtered in all experiments. However, in groups III, IV, and V, the HCC cells were not completely filtered in a few of the repeated experiments, with the unfiltered rate of tumor cells being between 8% and 20%. In group VI, the HCC cells were not completely filtered in all the repeated experiments. In conclusion, the RCEZ1T filter markedly reduced the risk for reintroduction of HCC cells. However, at high HCC cell load the filter cannot completely remove all the tumor cells. Further studies are required to assess the impact in clinical settings.     

内毒素在支气管高反应性形成中的作用

观察了以内毒素作为致病原在支气管高反应性形成中的作用。结果：豚鼠腹腔注射内毒素后，其气道对组织胺引起哮喘潜伏期明显缩短，组织胺收缩离体气管平滑肌的ＰＤ２值明显增高，异丙肾上腺素松弛作用的ＰＤ２值显著降低，同时血浆及肺组织中组织胺含量显著增高。提示内毒素可能是呼吸道感染诱发支气管高反应性形成的重要因素，其机制与β受体功能改变及组织胺含量升高有关。     

缺血预处理对心脏瓣膜置换手术围术期甲状腺激素代谢的影响及临床意义

目的 :了解缺血预处理对心脏瓣膜置换手术围术期甲状腺激素 (TH)代谢的影响及临床意义。方法 :选取 16例风湿性心脏病 (风心病 )瓣膜置换手术患者 ,随机均分为实验组 (IP组 )及对照组 (C组 ) ,IP组采取缺血预处理方案 ,对照组不采取预处理 ,其余同IP组。分别于术前、转流中 (最低温 )、再灌注后 5min ,停机、术后 2 ,2 4 ,4 8h采取血样 ,测定血清总三磺甲状腺原氨酸 (TT3 )、总四碘甲状腺原氨酸 (TT4)、游离三磺甲状腺原氨酸 (FT3 )、游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸 (FT4)、促甲状腺激素 (TSH)浓度 ,组内各时点与术前 ,两组之间各时点进行配对比较。结果 :TT3 和FT3 水平在转流最低温时降至最低点 ,术后 4 8h仍低于术前 ,但IP组术后 2 4～ 4 8h二者水平明显高于对照组 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ,两组T4,FT4水平术后 2 4h已恢复术至前水平 ,各时点间无明显差异 ;TSH水平术后 4 8h两组均低于术前 ;IP组无严重并发症发生 ,对照组有 2例发生低心排。结论 :风心病瓣膜置换手术围术期呈现低T3 综合征 ;缺血预处理可以减轻瓣膜置换手术围术期低T3 综合征的严重程度 ,有利于心功能的恢复     

自锁式防旋自动滑动加压钉板的研制与生物力学研究

目的研制自锁式防旋自动滑动加压钉板（self—locking type pro-rotary auto-sliding＆compression nail plate，LPSC—NP）用于股骨颈骨折内固定，对其进行生物力学性能测试，为临床应用提供依据。方法采集18具新鲜成年股骨近端标本，制成股骨颈骨折，分别用LPSC—NP、3枚空心钉、双头中空加压螺纹钉、动力髋螺钉内固定，并进行生物力学测试，用SPSS统计软件对实验数据进行分析。结果LPSC—NP的承载能力和抗扭转强度、刚度均明显大于后三者。结论LPSC—NP固定股骨颈骨折牢固可靠，符合生物力学要求。该器械结构合理，简单适用，有一定的临床价值。     

Practice of orthokeratology by a group of contact lens practitioners in Hong Kong

Purpose: The aim of the study was to provide information about the characteristics of three main types of orthokeratology (ortho‐k) lenses used in Hong Kong and to report on their performance based on the clinical impressions of a group of ortho‐k practitioners. Method: Twelve ortho‐k practitioners were interviewed between 1 March and 30 June 2001. Results: Most ortho‐k lenses were ordered from three manufacturers: DreimLens, Fargo and Contex. The median maximum myopia reduction reported for DreimLens, Contex and Fargo lenses were 6.25 D, 6.00 D and 4.50 D respectively. The time to reduce myopia by up to 4.00 D could be up to three weeks for Contex and DreimLens and up to four weeks for Fargo. For reduction of myopia by up to 4.00 D, the treatment usually required only one or two lenses per eye for all three types of lenses. The incidence of lens binding and lens tightening after achieving the optimal reduction was reported to be higher with the DreimLens design. Good centration, less lens binding, relatively lower incidence of complications and lens tightening after achieving the optimal reduction were reported with the Fargo lenses. Conclusions: DreimLens tended to be more effective for myopia reduction. However, some practitioners were concerned with the aggressiveness of myopia reduction using this lens design and the higher potential for ocular complications. Selection of the lens design is dependent on various factors, in particular, practitioners need to be comfortable with the design they choose and to consider the needs of their patients and the final goal of the treatment.